This process is dependent on erythropoietin signaling through its cognate receptor, as well as the function of several erythroid-specific transcription factors, including GATA1 and EKLF. These precursors undergo progressive maturation in the bloodstream, characterized by nuclear condensation and embryonic hemoglobin accumulation. In contrast, primitive erythropoiesis is characterized by the appearance within the yolk sac of a transient, lineage-restricted progenitor population which generates a wave of erythroid precursors. galeata proved to be a useful tool for monitoring air quality.Įrythropoiesis in adult mammals is characterized by the progressive maturation of hematopoietic stem cells to lineage-specific progenitors, to morphologically identifiable precursors which enucleate to form mature erythrocytes. The quantity of erythroplastids differed among areas, with it being greater in fragments within a proximity with urban, and less in highly preserved areas far from an urban environment. galeata captured between June 2013 and October 2018 in five Cerrado forest fragments of different sizes and with different influences from urbanization. Blood smears were analyzed for 80 individuals of A. The objectives of the present study were to quantify the presence of erythroplastids in Antilophia galeata and relate their presence to distance from the nearest urban environment. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of erythrocyte nuclear anomalies comprise a useful tool for biomonitoring, with anucleated erythrocytes, called erythroplastids, being particularly significant. Air pollution can generate changes in the morphology, physiology, and behavior of several animals, including birds, which, when responding to such environmental changes, can be used as biomonitors.
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